Who are the students of the Dentistry program at ULBRA in Canoas/RS, what they think and what they expect of the job market: A cross-sectional study / Quem é, o que pensa e qual a expectativa para o mercado de trabalho dos estudantes do Curso de Odontologia da ULBRA, em Canoas, RS: um estudo transversal

Os cursos de Odontologia devem formar profi ssionais de perfi l generalista, com formação biológica, científi ca, técnica, social e humanística; capacitados para a realidade do mercado de trabalho e para o exercício da Odontologia em âmbito privado e público, a fi m de atuarem com liderança na comunidade em que estiverem inseridos. Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva analisar o perfi l sócio demográfi co, a satisfação com o curso, a autoavaliação do desempenho acadêmico e a expectativa sobre o mercado de trabalho, em estudantes ingressantes e formandos do curso de Odontologia da ULBRA/Canoas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal realizado através de um questionário com diferentes perguntas para os estudantes ingressantes e formandos do curso no ano de 2015. Um questionário foi formulado com perguntas objetivas fechadas e abertas de múltipla escolha e aplicado a 71 alunos (86,5%), regularmente matriculados no Curso. Resultados: A maior parte dos sujeitos é do sexo feminino, solteiros, sem fi lhos e com idade entre 17 e 36 anos. A maioria escolheu a Odontologia como profi ssão, pois sempre gostou ou se interessou pela área da saúde. Foi possível observar que os alunos formandos atuaram mais nas áreas de dentística (90,4%) e periodontia (77,0%) durante o período acadêmico e pretendem trabalhar em consultório particular (49,0%) e no Sistema Único de Saúde (65,0%). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o perfi l dos ingressantes e dos formandos é diversifi cado e pode se concluir que os alunos têm como percepção que a maior difi culdade no exercício da Odontologia é a inserção e saturação do mercado de trabalho.

Dentistry programs should prepare professionals with a generalist profi le, having biological, scientifi c, technical, social and humanistic training. They should be trained for the reality of the job market and to practice Dentistry in both public and private settings, in order to provide leadership in the community in which they are placed. Objective: This study aims to analyze the socio-demographic profi le, satisfaction with the program, self-evaluation of academic performance and expectations of the job market of students entering and exiting the Dentistry program of ULBRA/Canoas. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire with different questions for students entering and exiting the program in 2015. A questionnaire was developed with both open and closed objective, multiple-choice questions. It was given to 71 (86.5%) students enrolled in the program. Results: Most of the subjects are female, single, childless and between the ages of 17 and 36 years. Most chose Dentistry as a profession because they always liked or were interested in the health fi eld. It was observed that the exiting students worked more in the areas of General Dentistry (90.4%) and Periodontics (77.0%) during their academic time, and intended to work in private practice (49.0%) and in the Unifi ed Health System (65.0%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the profi le of the entering and the exiting students is diverse, also that the students perceive that the greatest diffi culty in the practice of Dentistry is the insertion and saturation of the job market.

Impact of malocclusion and dentofacial anomalies on the prevalence and severity of dental caries among adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between malocclusion/dentofacial anomalies and dental caries among adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years enrolled at public schools in the city of Osório in southern Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a structured questionnaire on demographic and socioeconomic variables. A trained examiner recorded the presence of malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index [DAI]), traumatic dental injury, and dental caries. Data analysis involved the chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for the multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 44.8% of the adolescents had dental caries (mean DFMT  =  1.33 ± 1.84). The DAI index ranged from 15 to 77 (mean  =  29.0 ± 7.9); 43.6% of the sample had severe malocclusion and 11.6% had traumatic dental injury. The prevalence and severity of dental caries were significantly greater among adolescents with severe malocclusion. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that adolescents with severe or handicapping malocclusion had a 31% greater probability of having dental caries (prevalence ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.67), independently of demographic, socioeconomic, or clinical aspects. The orthodontic characteristics associated with the occurrence and severity of caries were maxillary irregularity ≥3 mm (P  =  .021) and abnormal molar relationship (P  =  .021). CONCLUSIONS: Handicapping malocclusion, maxillary irregularity, and abnormal molar relationship were associated with the occurrence and severity of dental caries. The findings suggest that the prevention and treatment of these conditions can contribute to a reduction in dental caries among adolescents.

The evaluation of higher dental education in Brazil: A cross-sectional study / Avaliação da educação superior de Odontologia no Brasil: um estudo transversal

PURPOSE: In Brazil, the SINAES is a process that is currently used to assess higher education institutions, undergraduate programs and students' performance on the ENADE national exam. This study aimed at assessing the Brazilian undergraduate programs in Dentistry, inquiring if the evaluation results induced to changes to improve the teaching-learning process. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized a questionnaire that was e-mailed to 165 professors/coordinators of undergraduate programs in Dentistry in Brazil in 2003/2004. The data analysis was based on the themes of the various open- and closed-ended questions: questions 1, 2, 3 and 4 referred to the evaluation of each institution and its undergraduate program, whereas questions 5, 6 and 7 referred to the ENADE. RESULTS: Changes to improve the quality of teaching in Dentistry and the education of new professionals were driven by the results of the evaluation. These changes were implemented at all institutions that returned the completed questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Improvements in the quality of Brazilian Dentistry will only be possible if the education of the students and the professors is improved.

OBJETIVO: No Brasil, o SINAES é a proposta de avaliação da educação superior atualmente em vigência e que avalia as instituições de educação superior, os cursos de graduação e o desempenho dos estudantes (ENADE). Este estudo abordou a avaliação dos cursos de Odontologia em 2003 e 2004 para observar se os resultados da avaliação induziram melhora no processo ensino-aprendizagem. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo transversal foi realizado por meio de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas enviados por e-mail a 165 professores/coordenadores dos programas de graduação em Odontologia do Brasil em 2003/2004. As questões 1, 2 e 3 se referiram à avaliação das Instituições e dos cursos de Odontologia. As questões 5, 6 e 7 se referiram ao ENADE. RESULTADOS: As mudanças com objetivo de melhora na qualidade do ensino em Odontologia e na educação de novos profissionais são impulsionadas pelos resultados do processo de avaliação. Tais mudanças foram implementadas em todas as Instituições de ensino que retornaram os questionários preenchidos. CONCLUSÃO: Mudanças na qualidade da Odontologia brasileira somente serão possíveis se ocorrer melhora no processo educativo de estudantes e professores.

Coroas totais de resina composta direta: relato de casos clínicos / Direct composite resin total crown: case report

A evolução constante das técnicas operatórias e dos materiais restauradores tem permitido avanços impressionantes nas reconstruções dentárias, permitindo que dentes tratados endodonticamente com amplas destruições coronárias seja reconstruídos em sessão única. A aplicabilidade clínica das resinas compostas, principalmente em dentes posteriores, vem sendo bastante aceitada pelos profissionais e pacientes devido à questão estética e à resistência que os materiais resinosos desenvolveram nesses últimos 20 anos. Já para os profissionais, seguir o correto protocolo clínico é fundamental para aperfeiçoar a estética e a longevidade da restauração. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, através do relato de casos clínicos, descrever técnicas para restauração de dentes anteriores e posteriores amplamente destruídos utilizando resinas compostas na confecção de coroas totais diretas associadas a pinos de fibra de vidro pré-fabricados. Os casos aqui relatados constituem-se num procedimento alternativo, de baixo custo, e rápida elaboração, que conseguiu suprir as necessidades do paciente, mostrando ser uma boa opção de tratamento reabilitador.

The constant evolution of surgical techniques and restorative materials has allowed impressive advances in dental reconstructions, allowing endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary destruction to be reconstructed in a single session. The clinical application of composite resins, especially in posterior teeth has been widely accepted by professionals and patients due to the aesthetic issue and the resistance that the resin materials developed in the last 20 years. As for professionals, following the correct protocol is essential to improve the aesthetics and longevity of the restoration. This paper aims, through clinical case reports, to describe techniques for restoring largely destroyed anterior and posterior teeth using composite resins to build up crowns attached to direct fiberglass prefabricated pins. The cases reported here are an alternative procedure, low cost and rapid development, which could meet the needs of the patient, being a good choice of dental oral rehabilitation.

Restoration of occlusal vertical dimension in dental erosion caused by gastroesophageal reflux: case report.

The authors describe a minimally invasive procedure for occlusal rehabilitation in a young patient presenting with mild mandibular prognathism and loss of occlusal vertical dimension caused by dental erosion from chronic gastroesophageal reflux.

Microdureza de resina composta polimerizada com LEDs de diferentes gerações e luz halógena / Microhardness test of composite resin cured by two different LED and one halogen units

O desempenho clínico das restaurações de resina composta (RC) está diretamente relacionado com a qualidade da polimerização obtida através dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a microdureza de uma RC polimerizada com três diferentes fontes de luz, comparando-as entre si. Foram utilizados os aparelhos de luz halógena convencional [Visilux 2 - 3M] (A), um LED de primeira geração [Optilight Plus- Gnatus] (B), e um LED de terceira geração [Radii-SDI] (C). Foram confeccionados trinta corpos de prova utilizando a RC Filtek Z250 (3MESPE), dividindo-os em três grupos. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de microdureza Vickers nas superfícies de topo e base. Os resultados estatísticos mostraram que as amostras do grupo B apresentavam os menores valores, tanto na base quanto no topo (p<0,01). Conclui-se que, entre os LEDs estudados, o Radii mostrou os melhores resultados de microdureza, sendo semelhantes ao aparelho de luz halógena.

Clinical performance of composite resins is closely related to the quality of the polymerization process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of a composite resin when polymerized by three different light sources (Conventional/halogen – Visilux2, 3M; First generation LED – Optilight Plus, Gnatus and Third generation LED – Radii, SDI). Thirty samples were prepared made of Filtek Z250 A2 composite resin (3M-Espe) and divided into three groups. Samples were subjected to microhardness test and results shown in Vickers scale, at the top and the bottom of each sample. Statistical analysis showed that samples cured with fi rst generation LED presented the lowest values for Vickers hardness, either at the top or the bottom. In conclusion, it is possibleto observe that third generation LED and halogen lamps are effective as curing units, presenting similar results in microhardness tests.

Clinical evaluation of amalgam restorations: influence of demographic, socioeconomic conditions, oral health behavior and clinical variables

This study investigated the association between demographic, socioeconomic conditions, oral health behavior and several clinical factors that are enrolled on caries development and the quality of amalgam restorations. Seventy-eight amalgam restorations were selected from 44 patients of the Operative Dentistry clinic of Universidade Federal de Pelotas. The restorations had been placed five years before by undergraduate students using pre-established criteria. The quality of amalgam restorations was evaluated according to modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Demographic (age, gender, ethnic origin) and socioeconomic (income, educational level and profession) conditions, oral health behavior (dental floss, tooth brushing and sucrose ingestion) and clinical variables (previous caries experience, periodontal conditions tooth position surface involved, quantity of dental plaque and caries activity) were investigated. The results showed that 51 (65.4%) of the restorations were unsatisfactory, for which finishing and polishing, or even repair or replacements were required. Twenty-seven (35%) of the restorations were classified as unacceptable because of secondary caries. Statistical analysis (Chisquare and Fischer's exact test) showed that some variables were associated with the quality of restorations: age, educational level, profession, Decayed, Missed, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, caries activity, tooth surface, and quality/quantity of plaque. The findings suggest that the quality of amalgam restorations may be affected by different factors, and secondary caries were the main reason for restoration replacement.

Polimerização complementar em autoclave, microondas e estufa de um compósito restaurador direto / The effect of post-cure heating in autoclave, microwave oven and conventional oven on direct composite resin

Com o objetivo de tornar o processo de confecção de restaurações indiretas mais acessível, reduzindo seus custos com a resina utilizada e os métodos de polimerização complementar, este estudo testou a possibilidade de se utilizar resinas diretas com métodos de polimerização complementar alternativos. Corpos de prova foram confeccionados com a resina Charisma e fotopolimerizados por 20 segundos. Em seguida as amostras foram submetidas à polimerização complementar em autoclave, microondas e estufa. Foram estabelecidos dois grupos controles: um controle negativo, que consistiu na utilização da resina Charisma fotopolimerizada convencionalmente (20s); e um grupo controle positivo, formado por amostras do compósito restaurador indireto Targis. O ensaio de microdureza Knoop foi realizado após uma semana de armazenagem e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística. Os três métodos de polimerização complementar propostos determinaram um aumento na microdureza do compósito restaurador direto quando comparado ao controle negativo (p < 0,05), não diferindo estatisticamente do compósito restaurador indireto (p > 0,05). Conclui-se que, considerando o desenho experimental deste estudo, a polimerização complementar em autoclave, microondas ou estufa aumenta a microdureza da resina Charisma previamente fotopolimerizada.

Redução ou fechamento de espaços interdentários / Diastema closure

Os autores demonstram por meio de casos clínicos a viabilidade do uso de resina composta notratamento de espaços interdentários (diastemas) em dentes anteriores, como alternativa para situaçõesonde a ortodontia não possa ser aplicada. Trata-se de uma técnica simples, baseada na retenção adesi-va, com um mínimo de remoção da estrutura dentária.

The authors intend to present clinical cases where restorative adhesive procedures with compositeresins were applied to minimize the impact of unpleasant smiles due to the presence of diastemas. In thesecases, orthodontics could not be the first choice, either for technical reasons or for the patient’s desire.The technique has a basic protocol, anchored in the adhesive retention, wit h none or minimal removalof tooth structure.

Correlation between visual and radiographic examinations of non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions -- an in vivo study.

The aim of this study was to conduct an in vivo investigation of the correlation between the visual and radiographic scoring systems by Ekstrand et al.7 (1997) for the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesions. The study sample comprised 147 occlusal sites from 23 patients. Two trained and experienced examiners performed the clinical visual examinations. A third examiner, which was also trained, experienced and blind to the results of the visual clinical examination, performed the analysis of the bitewing radiographs. The correlation between visual and radiographic scores was assessed by Goodman & Kruskal's gamma correlation coefficient. Results showed a strong correlation between the scores for occlusal caries found in the visual and radiographic diagnosis systems used in this study.

Correlation between visual and radiographic examinations of non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions: an in vivo study

O presente estudo verificou in vivo a correlação existente entre os sistemas de escore visual e radiográfico de Ekstrand et al.7 (1997) para diagnóstico de lesões de cárie oclusal. A amostra do estudo foi constituída de 147 sítios oclusais obtidos a partir de 23 pacientes. Os exames clínicos visuais foram realizados por dois examinadores treinados e calibrados. A análise das radiografias interproximais foi realizada por um terceiro examinador também treinado e calibrado, que desconhecia os resultados do exame clínico visual. A correlação entre os escores visual e radiográfico foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação gamma de Goodman & Kruskal. Os resultados revelaram uma forte correlação existente entre os escores dos sistemas de diagnóstico visual e radiográfico de cárie oclusal adotados no presente estudo.

Microleakage in class II composite resin restorations: total bonding and open sandwich technique.

PURPOSE: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate gingival microleakage in Class II total bond resin restorations in comparison to open sandwich technique restorations using different materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight human molar teeth were disinfected and stored in a 0.9% saline solution. In each tooth, two standardized Class II cavities (3 mm x 6 mm x 2 mm) were prepared with the gingival cavosurface margins located 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into 4 equally sized groups (n = 12), and the proximal boxes were treated as follows: in Group 1, no base material was used and the cavity was restored using SyntacSprint (SS) and Tetric Ceram (TC); in Groups 2, 3, and 4 the gingival portion of the cavity was restored with different base materials (Group 2, Dyract; Group 3, Vitremer; Group 4, Chelon-fil) prior to the placement of the composite resin. After a storage time of 7 days, the restorations were finished and polished. Then, specimens were submitted to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, 15 s dwell time) and immersed in a 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 h. After washing, they were sectioned in a mesio-distal direction. Each restoration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 20x by 2 examiners and scored on a 0 to 3 scale according to the marginal leakage. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the agreement between the examiners. Given the ordinal nature of the scoring system, data were submitted to a nonparametric repeated measures ANOVA. The results were confirmed with a parametric repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.001) among the four groups with respect to dye penetration were detected, with the association Vitremer/Tetric showing the best results. CONCLUSION: The use of Vitremer in the open sandwich technique presents the lowest degree of microleakage among the treatments considered in this study.

[Clinical evaluation of external radicular resorption in non-vital teeth submitted to bleaching]. / Avaliação clínica de reabsorção radicular externa em dentes desvitalizados submetidos ao clareamento.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of external resorption in non-vital teeth submitted to bleaching. The evaluated patients had at least one non-vital tooth, which had been bleached between 1986 and 1996. All teeth were submitted to bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate, as described by Busato et al.5,6. From 193 patients recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluation of bleached teeth, only 43 attended (54 teeth). The average time elapsed after bleaching was 3.5 years. The results revealed that none of the examined teeth had any degree of external cervical resorption.

Avaliaçäo clínica de reabsorçäo radicular externa em dentes desvitalizados submetidos ao clareamento / Clinical evaluation of external radicular resorption in non-vital teeth submitted to bleaching

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de reabsorçäo cervical externa em pacientes submetidos ao clareamento de dentes desvitalizados. Os pacientes avaliados tiveram pelo menos um dente desvitalizado clareado entre os anos de 1986 a 1996. Os pacientes foram submetidos à técnica de clareamento com perborato de sódio e peróxido de hidrogênio, de acordo com a técnica descrita por Busato et al 5,6. Dos 193 pacientes chamados para que os dentes clareados fossem examinados clinica e radiograficamente, apenas 43 pacientes compareceram (54 dentes) com uma média de tempo após o clareamento de 3,5 anos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que em nenhum dos dentes examinados foi possível observar indícios de reabsorçäo cervical externa

Microleakage of a packable composite associated with different materials.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the extent of marginal leakage with class II composite resin restorations associated with different materials. Twenty extracted sound molars were disinfected and stored in 0.9% saline solution. Four standardized class II cavities were prepared in each tooth, with the gingival margin 1 mm below the cementum-enamel junction. The teeth were then randomly divided into five groups of 16 restorations each: 1) Prime & Bond NT + Surefil; 2) Prime & Bond NT + Dyract Flow + Surefil; 3) Prime & Bond NT + Flow-it + Surefil; 4) Prime & Bond NT + Dyract AP + Surefil; and 5) Fuji II LC + Prime & Bond NT + Surefil. After a storage time of seven days, the restorations were finished and polished. Then specimens were submitted to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5 degrees-55 degrees C, 15 s-dwell time) and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. They were washed and vertically sliced through the middle of the restoration. Both surfaces were evaluated in the gingival margin and one score (0-3) was assigned under a stereomicroscope (40x magnification) by two examiners. The frequency of the scores was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for pairwise comparisons. None of the associations prevented dye penetration. The statistical analysis showed similar dye penetration among groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (p > 0.05). The results of penetration in group 5 were significantly lower compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the use of Fuji II LC as a base material led to the best sealing of the gingival margins based upon the lowest degree of microleakage observed.

Avaliaçäo de propriedades mecânicas de diferentes resinas compostas / Evaluation of the mechanical properties of different composite resins

Este estudo avaliou propriedades mecânicas de resinas compostas. Foram avaliadas as resinas ALERT, Filtek P60, Surefil e TPH. As propriedades avaliadas foram: resistência flexural (RF), módulo de elasticidade (ME) e dureza Vickers (DV) de acordo com as normativas internacionais (1,5). Os resultados demostraram que a resina Filtek P60 obteve os maiores valores de RF e DV, diferentes apenas para a ALERT (p<0,05). Em relaçäo ao ME, a ALERT obteve valores maiores em relaçäo aos outros materiais. Conclui-se que, apesar das diferenças, todos os materiais poderiam ser indicados em dentes posteriores

Avaliaçäo da radiopacidade de resinas compostas indicadas para dentes posteriores / Evaluation of radiopacity of composite resins for posterior teeth

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade áptica de resinas compostas indicadas para dentes posteriores. Quatro resinas (TPH, Alert, Filtek P60 e Surefil) foram avaliadas. Três corpos-de-prova (CP) com dimensões padronizadas foram confeccionadas para cada material testado. Como parâmetro, utilizou-se uma fatia de dente molar com a mesma espessura dos CP (2mm). A densidade óptica do esmalte, da dentina e dos materiais foi obtida através de radiografias e fotodensitômetros. Após a análise estatística, observou-se que a densidade óptica da dentina foi superior à dos demais materiais (p<0,0001); que a radiopacidade do esmalte e da resina Alert foi similar (p=0,8122) e que todos os outros materiais foram similares entre si. Concluiu-se que, apesar das diferenças, todos os materiais cumpriram requisitos mínimos para uso em dentes posteriores